The property settlement was minimal: two forts lying offshore, Fort Pickens in Pensacola Harbor and Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor (1). The Confederate States of America wanted only an uncontested divorce. Intent counts for much in the prelude to a war. It was the immediate cause of the secession of four more states, Virginia 2 days after Lincoln's call up of the 75,000 troops, then Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee. Two days after the battle, newly inaugurated President Lincoln called up 75,000 militia men, and that has been called the start of the war. The Regular Army of the United States of America at the time consisted of only some 16,000 officers and soldiers. The Battle of Fort Sumter occurred on April 12th and 13th, 1861. He replied, “No, that would be a welcome break from medicine and science.” We are after all, he said, in Charleston.Īn appropriate history of what happened between North and South before December 1860 explains the cause of secession of seven states. I asked your president, Dr Phil Mackowiak, if that approach might be too provocative. This evening, I will suggest some rethinking of a common belief that South Carolina impetuously fired on Fort Sumter and began the War against Southern Independence, usually called by a less accurate name.
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